Primary Nephrotic Syndrome
Conditions
Interventions
observation group:None
control group:None
Sponsors
Shanghai Children's Hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
2 Years to 14 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria for Pediatric PNS Patients 1. Age: 2 to 14 years old (inclusive). 2. Meet the diagnostic criteria for primary nephrotic syndrome in children. 3. Heavy proteinuria: qualitative urine protein = , or 24-hour urine protein = 50 mg/kg/day (or urine protein/creatinine ratio = 2.0 mg/mg). 4. Hypoproteinemia: serum albumin < 25 g/L. 5. With or without edema and hyperlipidemia. 6. First onset or relapse but off medication for more than 6 months, considered a new onset (to ensure consistency in baseline assessment). 7. Written informed consent signed by the child’s legal guardian; for children aged 8 and above, informed consent is also signed by the child. Inclusion Criteria for Healthy Control Group 1. Age and sex roughly matched with the PNS group (using frequency matching). 2. No history of kidney disease or clinical symptoms; normal urinalysis. 3. No history of hypertension, diabetes, or other chronic diseases that may affect the kidneys. 4. Written informed consent signed by the legal guardian.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion Criteria for Pediatric PNS Patients 1. Secondary nephrotic syndrome (e.g., lupus nephritis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis, hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis, etc.). 2. Congenital nephrotic syndrome. 3. Presence of other known severe systemic diseases that may affect kidney stiffness or blood flow (e.g., congenital heart disease, severe liver disease, connective tissue disease, etc.). 4. Concurrent acute kidney injury (AKI, according to KDIGO criteria) or stage 3 or higher chronic kidney disease (CKD) (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m²). 5. Absolute contraindications to ultrasound examination (e.g., severe skin damage or infection in the examination area). 6. Unable to cooperate with ultrasound examination (e.g., severe crying, unable to maintain necessary positions or breath-holding). 7. Any other condition deemed unsuitable for participation in this study by the investigator. Exclusion Criteria for Healthy Control Group: Same as items 3, 5, 6, and 7 in the exclusion criteria for PNS patients.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Differences in renal cortex SWE-Emean and SMI-VI;Differences in various parameters among different clinical states (active phase, remission phase) within the PNS group; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Sensitivity;specificity; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactHuiyong HU
Shanghai Children's Hospital
Outcome results
None listed