None
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I–III; 2. Age 18–75 years; 3. Patient is conscious, able to express clearly, cooperate with procedures, and understand the survey content; 4. No severe hearing, vision, or motor impairments before surgery; 5. Voluntarily participates in the study and has signed the informed consent form.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. History of difficult airway; 2. BMI > 35 kg/m^2; 3. History of allergic reaction to anesthetic drugs; 4. History of long-term use of analgesics or sedatives, or history of drug abuse; 5. History of psychiatric disorders or uncooperative patients; 6. Heart failure or cardiac conduction block; 7. Renal failure; 8. Patients with active liver disease; 9. Severe visual or hearing impairment; 10. Illiterate patients or those unable to communicate with the physician verbally; 11. Pregnant women and individuals with disabilities.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| catheter displacement rate;First intubation success rate;Intraoperative hypoxemia incidence;Incidence of throat injury;Hemodynamic changes; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Intubation time (the time from insertion of the laryngoscope to completion of catheter fixation); | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Shantou Central Hospital