comorbid schizophrenia and obstructive sleep apnea
Conditions
Interventions
rTMS combined with exercise group:High-frequency rTMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) combined with structured exercise training
rTMS group:High-frequency rTMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
exercise group:structured exercise (combined aerobic and anaerobic training)
Sponsors
West China Hospital, Sichuan University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Retrospective Study Inclusion Criteria: Hospitalized at West China Hospital of Sichuan University or the Fifth People’s Hospital of Zigong between January 1, 2023, and January 1, 2024; the primary discharge diagnosis met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11); complete inpatient medical records were available, including demographic information, medical history, physical examination, and blood test results. Prospective Cohort Study Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18-60 years; 2. Meet the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia; 3. In a clinically stable period (no adjustment to the type or dose of main antipsychotic medications due to acute exacerbation of psychotic symptoms within 4 weeks before enrollment); 4. Patient’s informed consent was obtained, with the ability to understand the basic research process, and written informed consent was provided. Intervention Study On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria for a 'prospective study,' the following additional standards must be met: Inclusion Criteria: 1. Diagnosed with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea by baseline overnight polysomnography (PSG), defined as: 5 = Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) < 30 events/hour; 2. Possess basic limb activity ability and be able to complete moderate-intensity exercise training under supervision.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Retrospective Study Exclusion Criteria: Severe missing medical record data, making it impossible to extract key information; primary diagnosis during hospitalization of organic mental disorders, substance-induced mental disorders, or mental retardation with comorbid mental disorders. Prospective Cohort Study Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of clear contraindications to polysomnography (PSG) or unwillingness to undergo monitoring; 2. Presence of contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (e.g., metal implants, claustrophobia); 3. Comorbid severe, unstable physical diseases (e.g., uncontrolled heart failure, respiratory failure, liver or kidney failure, etc.); 4. Current diagnosis of other specific sleep disorders (e.g., narcolepsy, moderate to severe periodic limb movement disorder); 5. Pregnant or breastfeeding women. Intervention Study Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of contraindications for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment (such as personal or family history of epilepsy, intracranial metal implants, etc.); 2. Having any disease that prohibits moderate-intensity exercise (such as unstable angina, severe arthritis, recent fractures, etc.); 3. Previously received standard treatment for OSA (such as continuous positive airway pressure, oral appliances, or related surgeries); or if the researcher judges that the participant may have a high risk of dropout (such as planned recent discharge, unstable condition, etc.).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Severity of sleep apnea;Apnea and hypopnea index;Sugar and lipid metabolism related indicators;Body circumference indicators; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Appetite;PSG measured objective sleep parameters;Subjective sleep quality;Objective daytime sleepiness;Multi-dimension cognitive function;Parameters of sleep related breathing events;Characteristics of sleep EEG;Blood routine examination related indicators;Liver function;Kidney function;Cytokine;Thyroid function ;Sex hormone;Psychiatric symptoms; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactXiangdong Tang
West China Hospital, Sichuan University
Outcome results
None listed