Botulinum toxin injection for treating frown lines
Conditions
Interventions
Case group:None
Control group:None
Sponsors
PEKING UNIVERSITY SHENZHEN HOSPITAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1.The case group consisted of patients who received botulinum toxin injections into the corrugator supercilii muscle. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1)age >=18 years, any gender;2)Botulinum toxin has already been injected into the corrugator muscles, and the injection plan (drug brand, dosage, injection points) is clearly documented;3)HFUS multimodal ultrasound examination was completed after the injection. 2.The control group consisted of patients who underwent corrugator supercilii muscle examination in our hospital during the same period and had no history of facial plastic surgery or botulinum toxin injection. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age >=18 years, any gender; 2) no facial muscle diseases (such as myasthenia) or skin diseases (such as severe acne, scars); 3) completed corrugator supercilii HFUS + multimodal ultrasound examination.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Exclusion criteria for the case group:1)The retained ultrasound images are unclear (such as blurred boundaries of the corrugator muscle and invalid elastography data);2)Lack of complete clinical data (such as missing injection doses and ultrasound examination time point data);3)There is active infection at the injection site, severe acne or skin lesions. 2.Exclusion criteria for the control group:1)The retained ultrasound images are unclear (such as blurred boundaries of the corrugator muscle and invalid elastography data);2)Lack of complete clinical data (such as missing injection doses and ultrasound examination time point data);3)Receiving other facial anti-aging treatments at the same time (such as hyaluronic acid fillers or radiofrequency skin tightening) may affect the assessment of the corrugator muscle.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Muscle thickness;Muscle stiffness;Muscle echo; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactYang Qi
PEKING UNIVERSITY SHENZHEN HOSPITAL
Outcome results
None listed