Malocclusion
Conditions
Interventions
Experimental group: tongue muscle training and routine orthodontic treatment
Control group:routine orthodontic treatment
Sponsors
Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
14 Years to 45 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age: Males = 18 years, females = 16 years; 2. No crowding or mild crowding (0–4 mm); 3. No missing teeth in the dental arch except third molars; 4. Treatment plan: Extraction of four premolars for strong anchorage retraction; 5. Complete CBCT imaging records before and after orthodontic treatment; 6. Clinical diagnosis of abnormal swallowing.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. BMI > 25 kg/m² 2. History of temporomandibular joint disorder 3. History of orthodontic or orthognathic surgery, upper airway surgery, or obstructive sleep apnoea 4. History of systemic disease or craniofacial deformity, alongside other severe oral and maxillofacial conditions or neurological disorders beyond atypical swallowing; 5. Presence of severe systemic diseases or psychiatric/psychological disorders rendering the patient unable to tolerate conventional orthodontic treatment or necessary research examinations.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Oropharyngeal volume;Palatopharyngeal volume;Glossopharyngeal volume;Maximum tongue pressure;Dry swallowing tongue pressure;Wet swallowing tongue pressure;50% maximum tongue pressure duration; submental sEMG at the resting position of the mandible;Submental sEMG during clenching;Normalized Submental Muscle Electromyographic (EMG) Activity;Submental sEMG During Dry Swallowing;Submental sEMG During Wet Swallowing;Minimum cross-sectional area of the oropharynx;Intraoral airway volume; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| U1-Apo°;U1-Apo (mm);L1-Apo (mm);L1-MP °;overjet;orofacial myofunctional evaluation with score;SNA angle;SNB angle;ANB angle;MP-SN angle;H-C3 distance;H-Me distance;H-H' distance;H-X distance;H-Y distance;H-N-S angle;H-S-Ba angle; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactWei Wang
Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital
Outcome results
None listed