Postoperative pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Aged 18–75, ASA classification I–III; scheduled to undergo open gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, or pancreatic surgery; participants have provided informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients with severe cardiovascular diseases (e.g., grade III hypertension, unstable angina, severe valvular heart disease, severe arrhythmias, severe major vascular diseases); those with allergies to or tolerance of opioids; severe hepatic or renal dysfunction (Child-Pugh grade C, CKD stage 4); uncontrolled respiratory diseases (such as frequent acute exacerbations of asthma, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, active upper respiratory tract infections, and pulmonary infections); body mass index 30 kg/m²; and those who have received immunosuppressive therapy within the past month.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Time-weighted VAS score during activity from 0 to 48 hours postoperatively; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Cumulative postoperative opioid consumption;Time to first patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) bolus;Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score;Patient satisfaction with analgesia;Time to gastrointestinal function recovery;Time to first ambulation;Postoperative length of hospital stay;Extra rescue analgesic dosage; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University