Depressive symptoms
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age >= 18 years; 2. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score between 5 and 14; 3. Literate and able to complete self-report questionnaires; 4. Able to understand the consent form and sign the informed consent form.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Current diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence; 2. Current or past history of bipolar disorder, manic or hypomanic episodes, schizophrenia, personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), intellectual disability, or organic mental disorder; 3. Requiring immediate psychiatric care (e.g., imminently suicidal subjects) or has attempted suicide within the past 3 months; 4. Use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, or sedatives, unless on a stable dose for the past 4 weeks; 5. History of severe organ failure, renal failure on dialysis, or HIV infection; 6. Active malignancy within the past 5 years; 7. History of major gastrointestinal surgery within the past 5 years, excluding cholecystectomy and appendectomy; 8. Shift work; 9. Antibiotic use within the past 4 weeks; 10. History of allergy to probiotics or lactose leading to a severe allergic reaction; 11. Known pregnancy or lactation.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Proportions of subjects with improvement in condition; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Self-report improvement in condition;Changes in depression level;Changes in anxiety level;Changes in health-related quality of life;Changes in gut microbiota composition and functions; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong