None
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1.Healthy lactating mothers 1-6 months postpartum. 2.Aged 18 years or older. 3.Regular users of a breast pump, with a frequency of >=3 times per day. 4.Single-side breast pumping volume of >=20ml per session. 5.Have the time and willingness to visit the study site for pumping tests, agree to discard the milk expressed during testing, comply with other study procedures, and sign the informed consent form. 6. Cooperate with the implementation of other aspects of this project and sign the informed consent form.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Current presence of nipple cracks/fissures with pain or clogged milk ducts. 2.Diagnosis of mastitis, breast abscess, or other breast diseases within the past week. 3.Current diagnosis of postpartum depression or anxiety.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Accuracy;Sensitivity;Positive Predictive Value; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Shenzhen University South China Hospital