Perinatal pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1.Term singleton pregnant women willing to attempt vaginal delivery. 2.No contraindications to vaginal delivery (e.g., fetal abnormalities, fetal distress, pelvic stenosis, scarred uterus, etc.) as assessed by an obstetrician; 3.Full-term pregnant women (gestational age =37 weeks, confirmed by ultrasound examination); 4.Singleton pregnancy; 5.Healthy pregnant volunteers without severe pregnancy complications/comorbidities (e.g., severe preeclampsia, uncontrolled gestational diabetes mellitus, etc.); 6.Informed consent: voluntary participation in the study, provision of written informed consent, and ability to cooperate with study-related procedures such as baseline data collection, delivery process documentation, and follow-up.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Presence of contraindications to vaginal delivery (e.g., fetal abnormalities, fetal distress, pelvic stenosis, scarred uterus, etc.); 2.Underlying diseases and comorbidities: severe cardiovascular diseases (e.g., heart failure, severe arrhythmia), severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, coagulation disorders, active infectious diseases (e.g., AIDS, active syphilis, active tuberculosis), malignancies, etc. 3.Lack of willingness to attempt vaginal delivery, explicit request for elective cesarean section, or voluntary discontinuation of the trial of labor during the process due to non-medical reasons; 4.Special populations such as patients with psychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, or those unable to communicate effectively (e.g., language barriers without translation support).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Visual Analogue Scale, VAS, 0-100 mm;Numerical Rating Scale, NRS, 0-10 points; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
The international peace maternity and child health hospital