Spinal deformity, Degenerative spinal disease
Conditions
Interventions
Low-concentration Ciprofol Group:During anesthesia induction, the target-controlled infusion (TCI) pump was set to an initial ciprofol effect-site concentration (Ce) of 0.9 µg/mL. After loss of consci
High-concentration Ciprofol Group:During anesthesia induction, the initial ciprofol effect-site concentration (Ce) was set at 1.2 µg/mL. For maintenance, the Ce recorded at loss of consciousness plus
Propofol Control Group:During anesthesia induction, the initial propofol effect-site concentration (Ce) was set at 4 µg/mL using the Schnider model. For maintenance, the Ce recorded at loss of conscio
Sponsors
The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-sen University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Patients scheduled for elective spinal surgery; 2. Aged between 18 and 65 years; 3. Classified as ASA physical status I–III; 4. Undergoing general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, with an expected surgery duration >180 minutes; 5. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring required.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. BMI 35 kg/m²; 2. Patients assessed to have a difficult airway; 3. Patients with preoperative motor weakness in the upper or lower limbs; 4. Known allergy to any study drug; 5. Critically ill status (NYHA functional class > III or LVEF = IV; or expected survival < 24 hours); 6. Acute alcohol intoxication, seizure disorders, or severe psychiatric illness; 7. Acute angle-closure glaucoma; 8. Emergency surgery or repeated surgery within a short interval.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Effect-site concentration (Ce) of the target-controlled drug;Bispectral Index; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactGuoliang Sun
The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-sen University
Outcome results
None listed