None
Conditions
Interventions
Esketamine group (group E):At the end of general anesthesia induction, intravenous infusion of 0.25 mg/kg/h of esketamine was administered until 30 minutes before the end of the surgery
Physiological saline group (group C):At the end of general anesthesia induction, an equal amount of physiological saline should be intravenously pumped until 30 minutes before the end of the surgery
Sponsors
The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy under general anesthesia; 2. Age 18–65 years; 3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I–III.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Individuals allergic to esketamine, ketamine, or other anesthetic drugs; 2. Patients with severe cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, or myocardial infarction; 3. Patients with cerebrovascular diseases such as a history of intracranial hemorrhage or cerebral aneurysm; 4. Patients with a positive preoperative urine or renal pelvis culture, or systemic infection; 5. Severe liver dysfunction: Child-Pugh class C (10-15 points), or serum bilirubin >3 mg/dL, INR >2.0, albumin 3 mg/dL, or requiring dialysis with oliguria/anuria or uremic symptoms; 7. Patients with untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism; 8. Patients with a history of psychiatric disorders such as uncontrolled psychosis, severe depression with suicidal tendencies, mania, or a history of substance abuse; 9. Patients with known neurological diseases (such as Parkinson’s disease or other conditions causing pathological tremors) that may affect the assessment of shivering; 10. Patients taking medications that may affect temperature regulation or shivering response (such as other anti-shivering drugs or certain central nervous system depressants); 11. Patients who have used opioids, benzodiazepines, or other addictive drugs in the past 6 months; 12. Pregnant or breastfeeding women; 13. Patients receiving intraoperative blood transfusions.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Time of first shivering and BSAS score; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Severity of postoperative shivering;Postoperative recovery time;Postoperative removal time of tracheal tube;Postoperative pain score;15 Quality of Recovery (QoR-15) Scale Score;MAPHRSpO2 Ear membrane temperature (Temp);Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ);Postoperative PACU dwell time;The incidence of using vasoactive drugs after anesthesia induction;Postoperative hospitalization time; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactLiu Qing
Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
Outcome results
None listed