Maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD)
Conditions
Interventions
Healthy control group:None
Mouth-breathing group with insufficient transverse development of the maxilla (RME treatment):None
Group with insufficient transverse maxillary development during nasal breathing (RME treatment):None
Sponsors
School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
5 Years to 14 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1.MTD groups: Diagnosed with maxillary transverse deficiency requiring rapid maxillary expansion (RME) by orthodontic examination. Mouth-breathing subgroup: habitual mouth breathing and upper airway obstruction confirmed or evaluated by an otolaryngologist. Nasal-breathing subgroup: no history of persistent nasal obstruction or mouth breathing. 2.Healthy control group: Normal maxillary transverse development without anterior/posterior crossbite or crowding, no indication for orthodontic treatment, and no habitual mouth breathing or significant nasal obstruction. 3.Written informed consent obtained from parents or legal guardians. 4.Children aged 5–14 years with good general health.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Use of antibiotics, probiotics, or nasal sprays within the past month. 2.History of adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or other nasal/nasopharyngeal surgery. 3.Previous orthodontic or airway interventions, including rapid maxillary expansion, oral appliances, or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). 4.Craniofacial syndromes or severe chronic systemic diseases. 5.Complete nasal obstruction, nasal septal perforation, or any known acute infection of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, sinuses, or pharynx. 6.Inability to cooperate with examination or absence of valid informed consent.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Microbial diversity changes in nasal samples before and after RME; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactLimin Wei
School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University
Outcome results
None listed