In recent years, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been widely adopted due to its minimal invasiveness and faster recovery. However, CO2 pneumoperitoneum during surgery induces significant physiological changes: increased abdominal pressure reduces venous return and cardiac output, while sympathetic activation elevates catecholamine release, blood pressure, and vascular resistance. Concurrentl
Conditions
Interventions
intravenous saline group:Intravenous pump infusion of normal saline
intravenous esketamine group:Intravenous pump infusion of esketamine
intravenous maegmnesium group:Intravenous pump infusion of esketamine
intravenous esketamine and maegmnesium group:Intravenous pump infusion of esketamine + magnesium sulfate
Sponsors
The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1.Age between 18 and 65 years; 2.American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-II; 3.Patients scheduled for LC under general anaesthesia and with a procedure duration of less than 60 minutes.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Patients who do not sign the informed consent; 2.patients with severe diseases of major organs such as the heart, brain, lungs, liver, and kidneys; 3.patients with adverse drug reactions to esketamine or magnesium sulfate; 4.patients with uncontrolled hypertension or hyperthyroidism; 5.patients with endocrine and metabolic diseases or neurological diseases; 6.pregnant or lactating women; 7.long-term users of sedatives, analgesics, or long-term alcohol abusers; 8.patients with a history of mental illness, language communication barriers, or inability to understand the content of the experiment; 9.patients with difficult airways during anesthesia induction requiring a change in the conventional intubation method; 10.patients with sinus bradycardia or atrioventricular block; 11.patients with concurrent cholangitis, biliary obstruction, or pancreatitis.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Christensen's Fatigue Scale?Identity-Consequence Fatigue Scale; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Sleep data;perioperative hemodynamic fluctuations;The Quality of Recovery-15?Numeric Rating Scale?Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale;intraoperative vasoactive drug and narcotic drug dosage; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactJie Chenglan
The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an
Outcome results
None listed