without
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Over 65 years old, gender is not limited; 2. BMI18.5 ~ 29.9kg/m^2; 3. ASA score is I-III; 4. Able to understand pain scales and operate pain relief pumps; 5. Clearly understand, voluntarily participate in the study, and sign the informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Study contraindications of drugs 2. Mental illness or inability to cooperate with patients; 3. Uncontrolled high blood pressure or diabetes 4. Congenital heart disease, liver and kidney dysfunction; 5. Patients with respiratory diseases such as asthma; 6. Patients with special constitution, allergic constitution, and family history of malignant hyperthermia; 7. Patients with a history of upper respiratory tract infection within one week; 8. Patients with long-term use of sedative drugs; 9. Patients with hearing impairment or communication impairment.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Tumor Necrosis Factor-a;Interleukin-1;Interleukin-6;central nervous system specific protein ß; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Maanshan People's Hospital