Primiparous
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. All mothers are elective cesarean section in the hospital; 2. The Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) is graded as Class II; 3. Singleton pregnancy; 4. Term pregnancy; 5. The mother or her family knows the specific details of the study and signs the consent form
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Patients with contraindications to spinal anesthesia; 2. Patients with comorbidities such as gestational hypertension, diabetes, anemia, etc.; 3. Patients with coagulation disorders, blood diseases, infectious diseases, immune system and other pathologies; 4. Women with placenta previa, amniotic fluid meconium, rupture of membranes, etc.; 5. Patients with liver and kidney insufficiency, heart and brain diseases and other important organ lesions; 6. Patients with peripheral vascular disease, central nervous system depression, cardiac insufficiency, chronic lung disease, superior vena cava or internal jugular vein stenosis/obstruction; 7. Incomplete information
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Variability of internal jugular vein; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Hemodynamics;Umbilical artery blood gas analysis;Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Shaoxing Shangyu Maternal and Child Health Hospital