None
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1.Singleton pregnancies 2.Each fetus exhibited normal brain MRI findings and high-quality MRS scans, as confirmed by two radiologists.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Maternal comorbidities such as gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and other conditions that could interfere with normal fetal growth and development; 2.Maternal dysfunction of vital organs such as the liver and kidneys; 3.The use of sedatives during the study period; 4.Poor quality of MRS scans.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| tNAA/tCr;tNAA/tCho;tNAA/Ins;tCho/tCr;Ins/tCr; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University