Post-Cesarean Analgesia
Conditions
Interventions
Group A:Nalbuphine (1 mg/kg) + Esketamine (1 mg/kg).
Group B:Nalbuphine (1 mg/kg) + Esketamine (2 mg/kg).
Group C:Nalbuphine (2 mg/kg) + Esketamine (1 mg/kg).
Group D:Nalbuphine (2 mg/kg) + Esketamine (2 mg/kg).
Sponsors
Zhuhai People's Hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
20 Years to 45 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Voluntary signing of the informed consent form. 2. Elective cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia. 3. Primiparous women with a single fetus. 4. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I–III. 5. Age: 21–45 years. 6. Body mass index (BMI): 20–36 kg/m². 7. Gestational age: 37–42 weeks. 8. No gestational diabetes or gestational hypertension.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Pregnant women with a history of domestic violence. 2. Individuals with a history of mental illness. 3. Severe obstetric complications. 4. Neonates with severe genetic disorders. 5. Contraindications to neuraxial anesthesia. 6. Individuals unable to communicate effectively. 7. Known allergies or contraindications to the medications used in this study. 8. Diagnosed with antenatal depression, defined as an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression 9.Scale (EPDS) score >=10. 9. Considered unsuitable for participation in the study at the discretion of the investigator.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain Visual Analogue Scale; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score;Total PCIA consumption, number of successful presses, and cases requiring rescue analgesia.;Time to first ambulation, time to first anal flatus, time to first breastfeeding, number of breastfeeding sessions within 48 hours postoperatively, and time to discharge.;Maternal satisfaction; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactJiuqing Liang
Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University(Zhuhai People's Hospital)
Outcome results
None listed