none
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: 1. Healthy adults (Elliott & La Gerche, 2015; Martuscello et al., 2013) aged 20 years or older. 2. Able to understand simple instructions (Yeh et al., 2017). 3. Ability to ride a stationary bicycle (Pisters et al., 2014).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria: 1. Severe musculoskeletal diseases (Liao et al., 2016). 2. Smokers or regular drinkers (Martinez-Noguera et al., 2020). 3. Any back injury or other spinal injury caused by an accident (e.g., traffic accident) (Ali et al., 2021). 4. Any history of chronic inflammatory pain (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis) (Ali et al., 2021).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| EMG; | — |
Countries
china
Contacts
Department of Neurosurgery, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital