cardiovascular disease
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Patients undergoing elective open heart surgery; 2. Gender is not limited; 3. Aged between 18 and 80 years old; 4. ASA grades II-IV; 5. Body mass index<28kg/m2.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Infective endocarditis (tricuspid valve or pulmonary valve endocarditis); 2. Right heart mass (tumor, thrombus or thrombus); 3. Severe acidosis (pH<7 10; Relative); 4. Left bundle branch block; 5. Transvenous pacing lead is led through the vein in the right heart; 6. tricuspid valve or pulmonary valve infective endocarditis; 7. Severe tricuspid or pulmonary valve stenosis; 8. Any situation that increases the risk of perforation (such as extreme cardiac dilation, thinning of atria or ventricles) 9. There are contraindications for placing esophageal probes (such as 1. esophageal perforation, tear injury, 2. esophageal stenosis, 3. esophageal tumor, 4. esophageal diverticulum, 6. active upper gastrointestinal bleeding)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| trys of guidance;Time consumption for placing PAC catheter; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Postoperative outcome (length of hospital stay and ICU stay); | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital