Growth and development of infants
Conditions
Interventions
GDM group and non GDM group (mother and child):none
Health group (mother and child):none
Sponsors
Southern Medical University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Healthy mother and child: Mothers: (1) 18 years old and above; (2) Healthy mothers who wish to breastfeed; (3) Voluntarily provide written informed consent. Infants: (1) Healthy full-term infants (gestational age 37-42 weeks); (2) Being breastfed at the time of enrolment, either exclusively or supplemented with breastfeeding with infant formula; (3) Both parents are Chinese. GDM mother and baby: Mothers: (1) Case inclusion criteria. a. Meet the diagnostic criteria of GDM: Diagnosis was made according to the 2011 International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria. That is, 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with one-step method at 24-28 weeks, if fasting blood glucose =5.1 mmol/L, 1-hour blood glucose =10.0 mmol/L, 2-hour blood glucose =8.5 mmol/L, and those who meet one of the above criteria can be diagnosed as GDM. b. Have a strong desire to breastfeed after delivery and plan to breastfeed until the infant is at least 3 months old. c. Age 20-45 years old, singleton pregnancy, full-term delivery, healthy baby. (2) Control inclusion criteria: 1:1 individual matching with the case group, the matching condition is that the difference in age is less than 2 years, the difference in BMI is less than 1kg/? normal pregnant women, singleton pregnancy, full-term normal delivery, and the baby is healthy. Infants: Full term natural delivery.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: I. Healthy mother and child: Mothers: (1) Concurrent participation in other interventional studies within 2 weeks prior to enrolment in the study or during the study. (2) Difficulty attending follow-up visits and/or identifying their location; mother's inability to comply with the study protocol or the investigator's inability to determine the mother's willingness or ability to understand and comply with the protocol requirements. (3) According to the researcher's judgment, regular smoking and/or consumption of alcoholic beverages; illicit drug abuse. (4) BMI <18.5 or =28 kg/m2 before pregnancy or at the time of the first routine pregnancy test (gestational age 16 weeks or before). (5) Acute infectious or neoplastic disease or any type of debilitating or debilitating illness (history of positive HCV or HIV serology at any time during pregnancy); chronic diseases such as endocrine, cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, or hepatic diseases; psychiatric illnesses and major post-partum depression; autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease. (6) Mastitis, fungal infection of the nipple or areola; herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation or varicella zoster infection of the breast or chest at the time of enrolment. (7) Mothers who conceived twins or multiples, or conceived through assisted reproductive technology. (8) According to the researcher's judgment, health status may interfere with the conduct and evaluation of the study on women. Infants: (1) With any congenital anomaly, chromosomal disorder, or severe disease that may interfere with the conduct and evaluation of the study. (2) Intake of food other than breast milk, infant formula, or water at enrolment. (3) Exclusive artificial feeding at enrolment. (4) Concurrent participation in other interventional studies within 2 weeks prior to enrolment in the study or during the study. II.GDM mother and baby: 1) Mothers: Exclusion criteria of GDM: those with gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation or diarrhoea; those with other chronic diseases such as chronic hepatitis, hyperthyroidism, renal disease, etc.; those with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus; those who took antibiotics and glucocorticoids in the past 3 months; those who are physically handicapped and cannot move around; those who are mentally or psychologically handicapped; those who cannot breastfeed due to special diseases, such as mothers suffering from acute hepatitis of various types or active tuberculosis, or those who are using special medications; those who do not have the ability to breastfeed; those who are not using special medications. Those who are unable to breastfeed; those who do not wish to breastfeed. Exclusion criteria of non GDM: the diagnostic criteria of GDM were met, and other exclusion criteria were the same as those of the cases. 2) Infants Congenital anomalies such as congenital heart disease, biliary atresia and other diseases.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| height;weight;head circumference;Developmental behaviour of children;Infant quality of life;Infant feeding status;Allergy status of infants;Infant gastrointestinal symptoms; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Maternal physical activity status;Behaviour associated with maternal circadian rhythms;Maternal dietary status;Postpartum depression of mother; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactZheqing Zhang
Southern Medical University
Outcome results
None listed