Pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: (1) Patients undergoing elective open liver resection; (2) Age: 18-65 years old; (3) American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA): 1-2 level.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: (1) Previous liver surgery history; (2) Allergies or contraindications to the drugs used in the trial; (3) Abnormal coagulation function; (4) Long-term use of opioids; (5) Contraindications for epidural puncture; (6) Patients with severe heart, liver and renal dysfunction and mental abnormalities; (7) Infection of the puncture site or abnormal clotting function;
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain Scores; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Plasma VEGF-C, IL-6, glucocorticoid, adrenaline levels;Postoperative recovery quality;Block and surgery-related indicators;Blood ropivacaine concentration; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University