postoperative pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: (1) Aged 18 years and above; (2) Patients scheduled for surgery in the central operating room; (3) Physically healthy volunteers capable of tolerating appropriate pain stimuli; (4) Informed about the study plan and voluntarily signed an informed consent form.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: (1) Patients or volunteers with facial deformities or trauma; (2) Experimental data that is blurry and unidentifiable during the filming process; (3) Volunteers with a history of hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| pain ratings;facial expression; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University