Diabetic Retinopathy
Conditions
Interventions
Diabetic retinopathy, diabetes, age-related cataracts:none
Sponsors
Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
40 Years to 80 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1)Inclusion criteria for DR: (a) patients diagnosed with DR by slit-lamp microscopy and fluorescein angiography with a diabetes course of =5 years, aged 40-80 years; (b) without other ocular diseases (such as glaucoma, ocular trauma, and age-related macular degeneration) or systemic diseases with ocular complications (such as uveitis). 2)Inclusion criteria for NDR: NDR, namely patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR, are included based on: (a) meeting the diagnostic criteria for diabetes in the 2019 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care or having a diabetes history of at least 15 years but without DR, aged 40-80 years; (b) DR is excluded by fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination. 3)Inclusion criteria for the blank control group: recruiting patients who are age- and gender-matched as healthy controls.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: (a) Individuals who have undergone intraocular surgery or intravitreal injection; (b) Those who have recently received probiotics, antibiotics, or corticosteroid treatment; (c) Those with ocular or periocular infections, uncontrolled glaucoma, or any form of ocular malignant tumor; (d) Those who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery (<1 month before sample collection) or have had long-term constipation or diarrhea; (e) Those with a history of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease; (f) Those with type 1 diabetes or diabetes of unknown cause; (g) Those with kidney disease, hypertension, obesity, malignant tumors, a history of organ transplantation, or immunodeficiency; (h) Patients with severe complications of diabetes, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, hyperosmolar coma, ketosis acidosis, diabetic foot, etc.; (i) Pregnant and lactating women; (j) Those who have had infectious diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV, etc.; (k) Those who have had severe mental illness in the past 6 months and cannot cooperate with questionnaire survey and examination.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Intestinal flora; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactNiu Dongling
Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University
Outcome results
None listed