Pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Aged 18-65 years; 2. Patients who need to be prepared for general anesthesia in the pre-anesthesia room for elective surgery; 3. ASA I-II grade; 4. 18.5 <= body mass index (BMI)<= 28; 5. Voluntarily participated and signed the informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Long-term use of analgesics, psychiatric drugs (including opioids, NSAIDs, sedatives, antidepressants), alcohol abusers with chronic pain; 2. Preoperative liver and kidney function (ALT, AST, BUN, Cr) abnormally increased; 3. There is a history of abnormal surgical anesthesia recovery in the past; 4. A history of opioid allergy; 5. Suffering from esophageal reflux disease; 6. Sedatives, antiemetics, and antipruritic drugs were used 24 hours before surgery; 7. Difficult intubation is expected; 8. Perform liver surgery; 9. Taking monoamine oxidase inhibitory drugs or antidepressants within 15 days; 10. COPD subjects; 11. Pregnant women or mothers; 12. Participated in other drug trials within three months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Stress pain threshold; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Invasive arterial blood pressure;Heart rate;pulse oxygen saturation;arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure;arterial partial pressure of oxygen;modified observer's assessment of alert /sedation;Region of interests ventilation ROI1,ROI2,ROI3,ROI4;respiratory rate; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University