Pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Aged 18 to 65 years; 2. Patients who need to be prepared for general anesthesia in the pre-anesthesia room for elective surgery; 3. ASA I-II; 4. 18.5 =< Body mass index (BMI) =<28; 5. Participated voluntarily and signed the informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Chronic pain with long-term use of analgesics, psychiatric drugs (including opioids, NSAIDs, sedatives, antidepressants), alcohol abuse; 2. Preoperative liver and renal function (ALT, AST, BUN, Cr) increased abnormally; 3. Abnormal surgical anesthesia recovery history; 4. Have a history of allergy to opiates; 5. Suffer from esophageal reflux disease; 6. Sedative drugs, antiemetic drugs and antipruritic drugs were used 24 hours before surgery; 7. Difficult intubation is expected; 8. Liver surgery; 9. COPD subjects; 10. Pregnant or parturient women; 11. Participated in other drug trials within three months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Stress pain threshold; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| SpO2;Heart rate;Invasive arterial pressure;PaO2;PaCO2;Nausea;Region of interests ventilation, ROI1, ROI2, ROI3, ROI4;respiratory rate; | — |
Countries
China