varicocele
Conditions
Interventions
Gold Standard:gray-scale ultrasound
Index test:ultrasonography, 
semen 
Sponsors
Shanghai General Hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1.Improvement of ultrasound diagnosis and scoring criteria for varicocele Case group. (1) The diagnostic criteria for the clinical type of VC are fulfilled: three or more spermatic veins are detected in the spermatic plexus by ultrasound at rest, and at least one of them has an internal diameter of >2 mm, or there is a significant increase in the internal diameter of the spermatic veins with increased abdominal pressure, or there is significant reflux in the spermatic veins during the Valsalva test. (2) Have been pregnant for at least one year and have ruled out the woman's infertility. (3) To exclude other factors that contribute to male infertility. (4) Complete case files. (5) Be able to cooperate with the relevant examinations and have good compliance. Control group. (1) No clinical signs and symptoms of VC. (2) No VC found on ultrasound. (3) The spouse is pregnant or has given birth naturally. (4) General information such as age was comparable with the case group with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). (5) Complete case information. (6) Be able to cooperate with the relevant examinations and have good compliance. 2. clarify the guiding significance of elastic ultrasound for microscopic orchiectomy for sperm retrieval (1) Meet the diagnostic criteria for clinical varicocele. (2) Have been pregnant for at least one year and have ruled out the woman's infertility. (3) To exclude other factors that contribute to male infertility. (4) Abnormal sperm quality detected by testing. (5) No significant improvement in sperm quality after varicocele ligation. (6) Complete case information. (7) Be able to cooperate with relevant examinations and have good compliance.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Associated with other diseases that may cause male infertility, such as testicular tuberculosis, testicular non-specific inflammation, testicular trauma, testicular deficiency, seminal obstruction, hydrocele, male sexual dysfunction, etc.; 2. Associated with other diseases that may affect testicular hardness, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, viral mumps, etc.; 3. Associated with other diseases that may affect testicular microcirculatory perfusion, such as congenital vascular anomalies, retroperitoneal occupation, nutcracker syndrome, etc.; 4. Associated with diseases that may affect ultrasound examination, such as perineal skin lesions.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| transit time of spermatic vein;peak time of spermatic vein;SWE value of testis; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactQiusheng Shi
Shanghai General Hospital
Outcome results
None listed