pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients over 18 years old undergoing elective thoracoscopic surgery in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. The patient refused; 2. ASA > 3; 3. Allergic to esmamine or opioids; 4. Had a history of chronic chest pain; 5. There are neuropathic pain at present; 6. Taking opioids and / or antidepressants; 7. Moderate to severe heart disease; 8. Pregnant or lactating women.
Design outcomes
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| depression score;serum human brain derived neurotrophic factor; | — |
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| pain score;serum adrenaline and norepinephrine; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao)