injection pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. aged 18–70 years; 2. an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification of I–II; 3. scheduled for gastroscopy.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Patients with a history of renal or hepatic insufficiency; 2. hypersensitivity to the study drugs; 3. neurological or cardiovascular disease and patients with obesity; 4. difficult airway; 5. pregnant patients; 6. patients on medication with pain modifying drugs.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| pain; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| intensity of pain; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University