Thoracoscopic pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Aged 18-70 years, American Standards Association (ASA) grade I or II; 2. routine examination of electrocardiogram, liver and kidney function, coagulation function no abnormalities; 3. cardiopulmonary function is not obvious abnormal. 4. Surgery is performed by the same group of surgeons.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) FEV1 = 60% and airway hyperresponsive disease; 2. morbid obesity (body mass index, BMI) BMI> 30Kg/m2; 3. Infection at the puncture site; 4. Patients with severe hypertension and cardiovascular disease; 5. Patients with chronic pain; 6. Mental illness and unwillingness to participate and cooperate; 7. Fentanyl drug abusers; 8. Local anesthesia Drug allergic; 9. spinal deformity; 10. patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy; 11. changed to thoracotomy.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Postoperative VAS score; | — |
Countries
China