Heart failure
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Aged 18 years or above; 2. Patients with heart failure. Heart failure is defined and staged according to the ACC/AH recommendations. Patients with various ACC/AHA stages (A to D) of HF referred to the echocardiography laboratory of the Prince of Wales hospital will be identified and recruited; 3. Asymptomatic, normal subjects will also be recruited as controls.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Inadequate echocardiographic image quality; 2. Patient refusal.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Vortex pattern parameters; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
The Chinese University of Hong Kong