Oral diseases
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The patients were of AmericanSociety of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I or II, between 19 and 60 years old.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: if they had a clinical history or electrocardiographic evidence of heart block, ischemic heart disease, asthma, sleep apnea syndrome, impaired liver or renal function, known psychiatric illness, diabetes, facial pain, psychological problems, smoking history, or chronicuse of sedative or analgesic drugs or opioids. Also excluded were those who refused to participate, were pregnant, or presented with preoperative inflammation at the site of surgery.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Ramsay; | — |
Countries
China