Normal Labor Maternal
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Nulliparous; 2. Full term (>37 weeks) of gestational age; 3. Normal singleton pregnancy; 4. Elective Cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia; 5. Healthy, ASA II; 6. Successful cesarean delivery, no postpartum hemorrhage.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Preeclampsia; 2. On magnesium treatment; 3. BMI > 35; 4. Prior opioids use; 5. Inability to use patient-controlled analgesia (PCA); 6. Allergy to Butorphanol or ropivacaine; 7. Coagulopathy and contraindications to neuraxial anesthesia; 8. Infection at the site of needle entry.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 24-hour cumulative ButorPhanol dose; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 48-hour Butorphanol dose;Time to first PCA demand;Median time to first PCA dose;Visual pain scores;Side effects; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital