pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1) single birth with head position; 2) the head of fetus had good adaptation with mother's pelvic cavity, and the mother had good cervical conditions; 3) the mother havd the will to give a natural labor; 4) informed consent of pregnant women or their families and the formal training in the hospital can be obtained.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1) serious complications of pregnancy; 2) severe diseases of important organs; 3) severe psychological stress; 4) history of mental illness; 5) hearing and language communication disorders.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain index; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital