pain
Conditions
Interventions
increasing expectation group:increase expectation through verbal suggestion
decreasing expectation group:decrease expectation through verbal suggestion
no expectation group:no expectation through verbal suggestion
baseline group:no intervention
No expectancy group:the skin cream was ineffective to relieve or eliminate pain
Low expectancy group :the skin cream could reduce but not eliminate pain
High expectancy group:the skin cream could completely eliminate pain
Sponsors
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 24 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: right-handed female/male healthy volunteers
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. With cardiovascular or neurological diseases, family or personal history of psychiatric disorders, acute or chronic pain, color blindness, current use of any medication, or contraindications of electrical stimulation; 2. Unable to discriminate the distinct levels of electrical pain stimuli used in the conditioning phase.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| ratings on perceived pain intensity; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactLi Hu
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Outcome results
None listed