Renal stone
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Adult patient (aged >=18 years old). Solitary radio-opaque renal stones of size 5-15mm in maximal diameter as measured from plain radiography. Clinically decided for primary ESWL.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Stones associated with renal or ureteric anatomical abnormality. Patients with ureteric stent or nephrostomy tube inserted. History of cystine stone. Multiple stones in the same calyx. Currently taking alpha-blocker or calcium-channel blocker or systemic corticosteroids. History of allergy or any abnormal reaction with alfentanil.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Treatment successfulness at 12 week; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Degree of renal injury. Maximal pain score. Analge; | — |
Countries
China