clinical anesthesia
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: (1) ASA 1-2; (2) Aged 0 to 14 years old; (3) Selective craniotomy, consciouness before surgery; (4) The skin incision can be blocked by scalp block; (5) No cardiac,pulmonary, hepatic or kidney disease; (6) No vasoactive drugs preoperatively; (7) Parents are well educated (high school and above).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: (1) History of neurosurgery; (2) Pain from places other than head; (3) Possible unconsciouness due to craniotomy; (4) With skull fracture or defect close to the inject spots; (5) Hypertension preoperatively; (6) Unable to perform FLACC or VAS assessment; (7) Allergies to any drugs that are to be administered during the study; (8) Taken analgesics more than 2 weeks preoperatively.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| dosage of opioids during surgery;nausea;vomiting;local anesthetics toxicity;hematoma;Bradycardia; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| dosage of general anesthetics during surgery;extubation time;awake time;heart rate during surgery;blood pressure during surgery;postoperative FLACC score;postoperative VAS score;dosage of analgesics postoperativel; | — |
Countries
China