Renal Stone
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Adult patient (aged >=18 years old); 2. Solitary radio-opaque renal stones of size 5-15 mm in maximal diameter as measured from plain radiography; 3. Clinically decided for primary ESWL.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Stones associated with any renal or ureteric anatomical abnormality, such as caliceal diverticulum, horseshoe kidney, ureteropelvic junction obstruction etc; 2. Patients with ureteric stent or nephrostomy tube inserted; 3. Patients with known history of cystine stone; 4. Patients with multiple stones in the same calix; 5. Patient with history of allergy or any abnormal reaction alfentanil.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Successful treatment - Defined as either stone free or presence of clinically insignificant residual fragments (less than 4mm) at 12 weeks after one session of lithotripsy.; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Analgesics demand after treatment, maximal pain occurred after SWL, time to stone passage, stone free rate; | — |
Countries
China