pain and analgesia
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: All patients aged between 20 to 65yr with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) I-II undergoing elective breast cancer surgery.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: (1) immediate extubation was not planned after surgery; (2) they regularly took analgesics or had a history of drug or alcohol abuse; (3) they had used any drug which may interfere the results within 24h of surgery or poorly controller hypertension; (4) they had a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, or psychiatric disorder, or obesity (BMI>30). Pregnant patients were also excluded from the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| pain detectin threshold;pain detectin threshold; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| posterior response probability; | — |
Countries
China