Liver and gallbladder diseases
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients to have elective and laparotomized hepatobiliary surgery, ASAI-II; 18-65 years old, male and female, body mass index of 18.5-24.9; correct understanding of sedation scores; can use PCA pumps.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Known to be allergic to opioids or non-steroidal drugs; opioids tolerant and addictive; asthma and COPD; central nervous system diseases and non-cooperators; liver and kidney dysfunction (alanine aminotransferase 3 times higher than normal or creatinine higher than normal); intestinal obstruction; hypertension stage; intracranial hypertension or with the risk of central respiratory depression; pregnancy, lactation; others: recent use of immunosuppressive agents.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| numerical rating scale; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Shanghai Oriental Hepatic Surgery Hospital