Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. male or female residents at the age of 40 years or older; 2. completed acceptable baseline surveys; 3. cooked with biomass and poor ventilation; 4. gave written informed consent to participate in this cohort study.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. a diagnosis with active tuberculosis, asthma or obvious bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, or pulmonary thromboembolic disease, malignant tumor, history of thoracotomy with pulmonary resection, or uncontrolled or serious diseases or other symptoms that could potentially affect the spirometry test; 2. a plan to move out permanently; 3. failure to contact, migration,death, refusal to proceed, or poor compliance, or other any reason that affect the study completion.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 9-year declines in lung function;incidence rate of COPD; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| indoor air pollutants; | — |