diabetic nephropathy, bone metabolism
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Male and female aged 18 years and older; 2. Diabetes mellitus (any type):Diagnosis is based on the 1999 WHO criteria for diabetes mellitus; 3. A T score less than -2 in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip in BMD, which was applied by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; 4. Able and willing to give informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. A history of reflux esophagitis, active gastric or duodenal ulcer, gastrectomy,achalasia, or any abnormalities in the esophagus which would lead to lag in esophageal emptying; 2. A history of some illness affecting bone metabolism: primary hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, multiple myeloma,Paget's disease of bone, rheumatoid arthritis, osteogenesis imperfecta,and a recent fracture (within the previous 3 months); 3. Pregnancy and breast feeding women, or patients who are planning to become pregnant; 4. GFR <35 mL/min; 5. incapability to sit for at least 30 minutes; 6. Pre-planned dental surgery.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| BMD; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| PINP;CTx; | — |
Countries
China