spinal surgery
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: (1) ASA II~III; (2) patients older than 65 years; (3) good communication; (4) sign informed consent
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinsonism, or myasthenia gravis; inability to communicate in the preoperative period (coma, profound dementia, or language barrier); brain injury or neurosurgery; known preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%, sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (3hs; blood loss>400ml;segment more than 3; secondary surgery; participate in other clinical trials in 3 months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| efficacy;safety; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital