Liver and gallbladder diseases
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgeries, at age 18 ~ 65 years, ASAI- II stage, body mass index 18.5-24.9, can correctly understand the analgesia,sedation and other ratings; and able to use the PCA pump.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients with these conditions of sensitivity to opioid drugs or non-steroidal drugs; opioid tolerance and addiction; in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); diseases of the central nervous system and not cooperate with; liver and kidney function severely abnormal (alanine aminotransferase is higher 3 times than normal or creatinine higher than normal); intestinal obstruction; hypertension III stage; intracranial hypertension or central respiratory depression risk; pregnancy; lactation and the other: the recent use of immunosuppressive agentswhich were exclusion.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| numerical rating scale; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Shanghai Oriental Hepatic Surgery Hospital