None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Participants aged between 18 and 25 years who use digital devices such as smartphones, laptops, or tablets for at least 4 hours daily and report low back pain with a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score of 4/10 or more were included in the study. Only those students who were willing to participate and provided written informed consent were considered eligible for participation.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Students with a history of spinal fractures, spinal surgery, or recent trauma were excluded from the study. Participants diagnosed with spinal conditions such as scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, or disc herniation were also excluded. Additionally, students with neurological or systemic disorders affecting posture or mobility and those currently receiving physiotherapy or medical treatment for low back pain were not included in the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| NPRS Sitting posture assessment Daily screen time assessmentTimepoint: At Baseline | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| NILTimepoint: NIL | — |
Countries
India
Contacts
Galgotias University