None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Chronic smokers with a history of smoking greater than equal to 5 pack years 2. Moderate to high nicotine dependence, as assessed by Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS-12) score greater than equal to 20 3. Able to perform breathing exercises or physiotherapy interventions 4. Willingness to participate and adhere to the study protocol
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Diagnosed pulmonary diseases (COPD, asthma, etc) 2. Cardiovascular disorders (hypertension, myocardial infarction etc) 3. Any history of respiratory infections 4. Any medication that could interfere with cardiorespiratory function
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| BODE Index Timepoint: 4 weeks | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Chest ExpansionTimepoint: After 4 weeks | — |
Countries
India
Contacts
Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, MM(DU),Mullana,Ambala