None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention1: Nil: Nil
Sponsors
Galgotias University
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: University students aged 18 to 25 years Currently enrolled in undergraduate or postgraduate programs Regular smartphone users (more than or equal to 1 year) Daily smartphone usage of greater than or equal to 2 3 hours/day Willing to participate and provide written informed consent Able to understand and follow instructions Medically stable (no acute illness) Both male and female participants included
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: History of neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, neuropathy, Parkinsonism) Presence of vestibular dysfunction affecting balance or proprioception Current or recent (within last 6 months) neck pain, cervical injury, or trauma History of cervical spine surgery or structural deformity Diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders affecting the neck or upper limb Use of medications affecting: Sleep (sedatives, hypnotics) Muscle strength (muscle relaxants) Central nervous system (antidepressants, anxiolytics) Diagnosed sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia, sleep apnea) Known psychiatric conditions (e.g., anxiety, depression) Professional athletes or individuals engaged in high-level strength training Participation in recent neck/upper body rehabilitation programs Excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption affecting sleep Uncorrected visual impairments Any medical condition limiting safe participation in assessments
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Smartphone usage, sleep quality, cervical proprioception, and cervical muscle strengthTimepoint: Baseline | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| NILTimepoint: NIL | — |
Countries
India
Contacts
Public ContactShashikant Kumar
Galgotias University
Outcome results
None listed