Health Condition 1: O- Medical and Surgical
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention1: Ultrasound Guided Caudal Epidural Block: Caudal block performed under real-time ultrasound guidance using a high-frequency linear probe to identify the sacral hiatus and visualise drug
Sponsors
AKANKSHA TYAGI
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Pediatric patients of either Gender aged between 1 and 6 years American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I, II Patients undergoing infra-umbilical surgery
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Refusal to participate Allergy to local anaesthetic Coagulopathy Infection at the injection site Lumbosacral deformity Neurological disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy, developmental delay affecting sensory/motor assessment)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Volume of 0.25% Ropivacaine (mL) required to achieve sensory block up to T10 dermatome level.Timepoint: Assessed intra-operatively at the time of caudal block administration from needle insertion to completion of drug injection (approximately 0 6 minutes). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Post-operative pain using FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scoreTimepoint: Postoperatively at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes, and then hourly up to 24 hours;Maximum sensory block level achievedTimepoint: Within 30 minutes after caudal block, tested by response to cold stimulus using spirit-soaked cotton; absence of response recorded as level of sensory block.;Incidence of adverse effects (hypotension, bradycardia, motor weakness, urinary retention, local anaesthetic toxicity)Timepoint: intraoperative and up to 24 hours postoperatively;Motor block assessment using Modified Bromage ScaleTimepoint: Every 5 minutes up to 30 minutes post-block;Duration of Post-operative AnalgesiaTimepoint: Duration of Analgesia from completion of block until first rescue analgesia ( when FLACC score is more than or equal to 4) | — |
Countries
India
Contacts
Public ContactProf Dr Yashwant Singh Payal
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh
Outcome results
None listed