Health Condition 1: O- Medical and Surgical
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1)ASA physical status 1-3 2)Scheduled for elective open urological surgeries(nephrectomy,pyeloplasty,radical nephrectomy,radical cystectomy) 3)Willing to give informed consent
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Patients with known allergy to local anesthetics or dexmedetomidine 2. Contraindications to epidural catheter placement (coagulopathy, infection at insertion site, severe spinal deformity) 3. Severe cardiovascular disease (uncontrolled hypertension, heart block, cardiac failure) 4. Severe hepatic or renal impairment 5. History of chronic pain requiring regular analgesics 6. Psychological disorders that may affect pain assessment 7. Pregnancy or lactation9 8. Unable to comprehend visual analog scale (VAS)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Postoperative pain scores using VAS .Timepoint: baseline 2hours 4hours 6hours 12hours 24hours 36hours 48hours | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Time to first rescue analgesic requirement. 2. Total consumption of rescue analgesics in the first 48 hours postoperatively. 3. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure) at specified intervals. 4. Sedation scores using the Ramsay Sedation Scale. 5. Incidence of adverse effects (hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, pruritus). 6. Patient satisfaction with pain management (assessed on a 5-point Likert scale: 1 = very dissatisfied, 2 = dissatisfied, 3 = neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 4 = satisfied, 5 = very satisfied). Timepoint: baseline 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 12 hours 24 hours 36 hours 48 hours | — |
Countries
India
Contacts
Adesh institute of medical science and research