None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention1: Nil: Nil
Intervention2: Nil: Nil
Sponsors
Saisha kamat
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1) Age between 20 and 50 years. 2) For smokers: minimum of 1 year of daily smoking with at least 5 pack-years history. 3) For non-smokers: no history of smoking or passive smoking. 4) Ability to perform physical tests without aid. 5) BMI between 18.5 29.9 kg/m to minimize confounding from obesity or malnutrition. Willingness to participate with informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1) Diagnosed chronic respiratory illness (COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, etc.) and PVD. 2) History of cardiovascular or neuromuscular disorders affecting lower limb function. 3) Recent lower limb injury or surgery (less than 6 months). 4) Diabetes mellitus or other endocrine/metabolic disorders affecting muscle function. 5) Participation in structured lower limb resistance training in the past 3 months. 6) Pregnancy.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Heel raise testTimepoint: until exhaustion | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| nilTimepoint: NIL | — |
Countries
India
Contacts
Public ContactSaisha Kamat
SDM college of Physiotherapy
Outcome results
None listed