Examination of a Novel Exercise (Balance Proactive Exercise- BalPro Exs) for Fall Prevention on Community-dwelling Seniors - One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design

The experimental group will undergo a structured Reaching-Based Postural Stability Training Program designed to enhance trunk control, ankle mobility, and neuromuscular coordination. Each supervised session will last 60 minutes, consisting of a 5-minute warm-up, a 45-minute main training phase, and a 10-minute cool-down period. All exercises will be conducted under the supervision of a trained physiotherapist in a one-to-one setting for a total duration of 12 weeks (two sessions per week). Preparation Phase- Before beginning the exercise, each participant will assume a designated forward-reaching position according to their individualized intensity mode (Minimal, Moderate, or Maximal). Warm-Up Phase (5 minutes)- A brief warm-up phase will prepare the musculoskeletal system for the main activity. It includes gentle mobility exercises for the upper limbs, trunk, and ankles: Main Exercise Phase - The main training involves three progressive modes that emphasise postural control, trunk stability, and lower limb coordination. Progression Criteria- Progression between modes follows a graded approach: Participants advance from Minimal to Moderate to Maximal mode upon demonstrating adequate trunk stability and postural control assessed by functional reach test. Progression occurs only if compensatory trunk movements and fatigue are minimal. Thera-Band resistance is increased gradually based on the participant’s capability. Termination / Modification Guidelines: Exercise sessions will be immediately stopped or modified if the participant experiences or shortness of breath. In such cases, resistance will be reduced or the participant will revert to a lower intensity mode. Adequate rest will be provided between modes and sessions to prevent overexertion. Continuous therapist supervision will be ensured throughout all sessions to monitor safety, technique, and compliance. Home Program and Compliance- Participants will also perform prescribed home-based exercises twice weekly for 60 minutes, following a physiotherapist’s instructions. Audio recordings providing verbal cues will be provided to reinforce correct technique during home sessions. Compliance will be tracked using a log sheet, where participants will mark the dates and duration of their home exercise sessions throughout the 12-week intervention period.